Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 7）： Introduction and Interpretation of the Guideline Reporting Checklist / 中医杂志

The systematic and comprehensive introduction and interpretation of the Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 is conducive to the presentation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， thus improving their dissemination and use. The Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 specifies the requirements for clear， complete and transparent reporting of the whole process of developing CPMs guidelines， containing 4 domains， 17 topics and 43 items， and involving the basic information， recommendations and methods of guideline development. Especially， it details the items related to the rules and regulations of the use of CPMs in the recommendations， which is helpful for improving the completeness， scientificity and practicality of the reporting of CPMs guideline.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine： 2.Establishment of Guideline Working Group and Management of Conflict of Interests / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the key points and methods in terms of the establishment of the guideline working group and the management of conflict of interests， trying to provide reference for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）. The establishment of the working group is the first important step for developing CPM guidelines. Considering the characteristics of the clinical practice guidelines for CPM， this study suggests that the three key elements of ‘multidisciplinarity’， ‘clinical relevance’ and ‘geographical representativeness’ should be put focus on when forming the working group. The guideline advisory committee， clinical expert group， evidence systematic evaluation group， secretary group and the external review group should be established. All group members should clarify the conflict of interest， and the process and management method of the conflict of interest should be clearly reported.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guideline for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 1）： Development Status and Characteristics / 中医杂志

The irrational use of Chinese patent medicines （CPM） is becoming more and more prominent， which makes the demand for clinical practice guidelines of CPM gradually increase. In order to make domestic scholars understand the latest developments and existing problems of the CPM guidelines， and promote its development， this paper introduced the concept of CPM guidelines， summarized the characteristics of the two development modes， namely “taking CPM as the key” and “taking disease/syndrome as the key”， and analyzed the current methodological status of developing and reporting CPM guidelines. Based on the existed problems， three suggestions have been put forward to optimize the quality of CPM guidelines， which were clarifying the target users and scope of CPM guidelines， establishing an open and transparent mechanism of the personnel involvement and process steps， and formulating implementable and operable recommendations for the use of CPM.

Effects of raw and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis on neuro-endocrine-immune network in insomnia mice and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of raw and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis on neuro-immune-endocrine network in insomnia mice and its mechanism. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group， with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group， the mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with thyroxine solution to establish mice model of insomnia； at the end of each day’s modeling， the corresponding doses of diazepam，raw and wine-processed S. chinensis were given by gavage. The blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline. The general state of the mice was observed and recorded， and the total activity distance and upright times of the mice were detected； the EEG and EMG signals of mice were recorded， and the time ratio of sleep wake time （wake）， non-rapid eye movement （NREM） and rapid eye movement （REM） was analyzed； the contents of neurotransmitters [γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， norepinephrine （NE）， cortisol （CORT）] in brain suprachiasmatic nucleus （SCN） were detected； and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin 1β （IL-1β） were detected； the mRNA expressions of clock gene Bmal1， circadian clock gene Clock and cycle gene Per2 were all detected. RESULTS Compared with the blank group， the mental state of the model group mice was relatively depressed， the amount of food and water increased， the body mass decreased， the hair was rough and shiny， and the circadian rhythm was irregular； the total activity distance and upright times decreased significantly； the time ratio of wake increased significantly， while the time ratios of REM and NREM decreased significantly； the content of 5- HT in brain SCN decreased significantly， while the content of NE， DA and CORT increased significantly； the fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly increased； the relative expression level of Bmal1 and Clock mRNA was significantly increased， while the relative expression level of Per2 mRNA was significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the general state of mice in diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group was improved obviously， and most of the above index levels were significantly reversed （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Raw and wine-processed S. chinensis have a certain therapeutic effect on insomnia mice， the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of neuro-endocrine-immune system related biological indicators in insomnia mice.

Mechanism of lncRNA-miRNA-related Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer and Chinese Medicine Intervention： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastric cancer （GC） is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system， with high morbidity and mortality. Early clinical symptoms of GC are not obvious， and most of them have entered the advanced stage after discovery， which greatly reduces the clinical cure rate and affects the quality of life of patients， and the prognosis is very poor. In recent years， with the continuous exploration in the field of bioinformatics， it has been found that micro-RNA （miRNA） and long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） exist as non-coding RNA （ncRNA） without translation ability， and regulate the expression levels of related signal proteins by acting on a certain target， thereby activating or inhibiting a certain signaling pathway， which plays an important role in assisting diagnosis， guiding clinical medication， and judging prognosis in the progress of GC. Chinese medicine is easily accepted by patients because of its good curative effect and less side effects. In the present basic studies， with the interaction mechanism between miRNA， lncRNA and signaling pathways as the breakthrough point， various studies on the regulation of related signaling molecules and signaling pathways by Chinese medicine have been carried out. A large number of experimental data have proved that the development of GC is closely related to the interaction of miRNA， lncRNA， and related signaling pathways， and Chinese medicine， with multi-target， multi-mechanism， and multi-pathway characteristics， affects various signaling molecules and signaling pathways and intervenes in the progress of GC cells. This paper reviewed the basic research on lncRNA， miRNA molecules， and main signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of GC， and summarized specific molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the regulation of each signaling pathway， hoping to provide references for modern research of Chinese medicine in the intervention of GC progress at the molecular level.

Spine curvature and the cardiopulmonary exercise endurance of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To quantify any correlation between the severity of spinal curvature of an adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis and their cardiopulmonary exercise endurance.Methods:The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results and the full-length spinal X-rays in a standing position of 64 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed retrospectively. Independent t-tests were used to compare the two datasets obtained from those with left or right thoracic scoliosis. The correlation between the Cobb angle and cardiopulmonary exercise endurance was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple factor linear regression and two-stage linear regression.Results:After adjusting for gender, age, height and weight, the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the Cobb angle was significantly negatively correlated with maximum tidal volume (β=-0.013) and significantly positively correlated with the rate of respiration (β=0.421). The relationship between the Cobb angle and cardiopulmonary exercise endurance was non-linear. With a Cobb angle > 34°, a 1° increase reduces cardiopulmonary exercise endurance by a factor of 1.4 on average. At smaller Cobb angles the corresponding increase is about 0.87 times.Conclusions:The Cobb angle is a negative predictor of ventilation during exercise among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. The more severe a patient′s spinal curvature, the lower the cardiopulmonary exercise endurance is likely to be.

Retrospective analysis clinical characteristics of female stress urinary incontinence and efficacy of transobturator tension-free vaginal tape procedure / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with female stress urinary incontinence(SUI) and efficacy of Transobturator Tension-free vaginal tape procedure.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 319 cases who were operated transobturator tension free vaginal tape in Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated of Naval Medical University from Oct.2009 to Jun.2018. Patients age ranged from 39 to 91 years old, with the average age of(59.2±9.7)years old. 145(45.5%) patients aged ≥60 years old. Among them, 155 (48.6%) patients with moderate SUI, 164(51.4%) with severe SUI.96 cases(30.1%) hypertension, 24(7.5%)diabetes, 2(0.6%)had not given birth, 317(99.4%)patients had given birth more than once. 31(9.7%) coexisting pelvic organ prolapse with POP-Q stage 2 and above. Maximum urinary flow rate ranged 5.2-72.6 ml/s. Cystometric capacity ranged 56.7-1 013.6 ml. Average preoperative ICIQ-SF score was 13.9 (range 9-19).Results:Operative time of 288 TVT-O procedures ranged 19-60 min, and 31 cases in the surgical management of cystocele with concomitant ranged 50-120 min. A total of 265 patients were evaluable followed up for 12-24 months, Objective cure rate and subjective cure rate were achieved in 95.8%(254 cases) and 93.6%(248 cases) respectively. POP was cured in 96.8% patients.Postoperative complications were 10.6% groin pain, 4.5% urgency, others including urinary tract infection(3.4%), de novo dysuresia(2.6%), dyspareunia(1.1%), and one case of bladder injury, one case sling erosion and one case scar hyperplasia.Conclusions:Female stress urinary incontinence were mainly in middle-aged and elderly people who had severely psychological quality of life lasting for several years. TVT-O may achieve a high success or improvement rate and no serious adverse effects. One operation could correct the stress urinary incontinence and simultaneously correct prolapse.

Research progress of parathyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism / 中国小儿急救医学

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease with abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is mainly characterized by hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,and with or without decreasing of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). The current standard treatment for hypoparathyroidism includes calcium and vitamin D. Calcium and vitamin D can correct hypocalcemia, but it is not easy to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus. PTH hormone replacement therapy has made adequate progress and may become a treatment option for patients with hypoparathyroidism. This review is trying to introduce the progress in PTH hormone replacement therapy.

Efficacy evaluation of lattice carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of lattice carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of female mild to moderate stress incontinence.Methods 30 cases of mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence in our hospital from August to October 2017 were reviewed.The average age was (46.5 ±3.5) years old,all married and has been bred,12 patients with mild stress incontinence and 18 patients with moderate stress urinary incontinence.Preoperative preparation including:1h urine cushion test measured leakage of urine,urine flow rate,residual urine,the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) score,urine routine examination.Preoperative urine flow rate (31.87 ± 2.42) ml/s,preoperative (1 h) pad test (8.19 ± 2.42) ml,preoperative ICI-Q-SF score (4-8).The power was 12.5 mJ,the efficacy was 25％,and the single treatment was chosen.Urine flow rate,1 h urine pad test,residual urine test,ICI-Q-SF score,and subjective satisfaction were recorded at 1,3,6 months after operation.Results All 30 patients in this group were followed up for more than 6 months.The pad test was (2.14 ± 0.36) ml,(1.02 ± 0.54) ml,(0.80 ± 0.41) ml at 1,3 and 6 months postoperatively,which were significantly different from preoperative pad test (P ＜ 0.01,).The urine flow rate at 1,3,6 months after operation was (30.53 ± 3.15) ml/s,(32.19 ± 2.72) ml/s,(31.23 ± 5.76) ml/s,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative urine flow rate (P ＞ 0.05).The ICI-Q-SF at 1,3,6 months after operation were 3 (1-4),3 (0-4),3 (0-4),which were significantly different from preoperative ICI-Q-SF.Among the 30 patients,3 cases had frequent urination after operation,1 case had frequent urination before operation,and became more severe after operation.The residual urine of 30 patients was negative after operation.All patients had no dysuria and no vaginal bleeding.No signs of urinary incontinence were observed after 6 months follow-up.Conclusions For patients with mild stress urinary incontinence,there is no obvious serious complication in the short term after the laser treatment of dot matrix carbon dioxide laser.The clinical treatment is safe and the leakage of urine can be improved.

Characteristics of syndrome distribution and dampness pathogen in patients with multiple sclerosis in south of the Five Ridges area / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To explore the distribution of syndromes and the characteristics of damp-induced disease in patients with multiple sclerosis in Lingnan area,and to improve the reference for TCM treatment of MS patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of the general information of 268 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) admitted to our hospital from March 2015 to 2016 was conducted.And the information on four diagnoses of Chinese medicine,including the main manifestations,tongue pulse,frequency were for the cluster analysis.The Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing MS syndromes.The distribution and dynamic changes of the symptoms of the patients at the initial diagnosis,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment were observed,and the dynamic changes of the syndrome form were analyzed.Results In the course of the development of MS patients,the sigle syndrome and 6 syndromes can appear simultaneously.Among them,there were syndrome of the wind,wet,phlegm,heat and blood stasis.At the 4 and 8 weeks after treatment,2nd syndromes gradually increased,but the 3rd syndromes and 4th syndromes remain unchanged,and the 5th syndrome significantly decreased.The syndrome is complicated and changeable from the side of the development process.The results of multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that purple tongue was an important factor of blood stasis [OR (95％ CI)=2.357(1.996-3.017)],and the yellow greasy coating was an important factor of hot dampness [OR (95％ CI)=3.654(3.125-4.876)],and the thin and weak pulse was the important factor of the deficiency of liver and kidney[OR (95％ CI)=3.983(2.349-4.218)];deficiency pulse was an important factor affecting Qi and blood deficiency syndrome[OR (95％ CI)=2.852(2.068-3.192)];limb twitching was an important factor affecting kidney yang deficiency syndrome [OR (95％ CI)=3.850(1.037-16.524)],and the above data were statistically significant (P＜0.05).For patients with damp heat attacking vesselssyndrome,the most frequent clinical symptoms were the spinal sensory disorders,cranial nerve disorders and cerebellar symptoms,emotional disorders and mental disorders,consciousness disorders and epilepsy,two bowel movements and weakness.Conclusions The wind,wet,phlegm,heat and blood stasis of the MS patients in south of the Five Ridges gradually increase.With the treatment,the syndrome combination was gradually simplified,the essential contradiction gradually revealed,the single syndrome gradually merged,the 2 syndrome gradually increased,the 3 syndrome and the 4 syndrome remained constant.

The effects of diagnostic and treatment operation of the urinary diseases on serum prostate specific antigen levels / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of diagnostic and treatment manipulation of the urinary diseases on serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) levels .Methods 80 male patients were recruited from urology surgery department of Shenzhen Tranditional Chinese Medicine (TCM ) Hospital ,Which included 13 cases with digital rectal examination (DRE) ,10 cases with catheterization , 12 cases with rigid cystoscopy ,17 cases with prostate biopsy ,28 cases with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) .Blood samples of 80 patients were collected before diagnostic and treatment manipulation of the urinary diseases and 24 h ,3 d ,7 d ,14 d af‐ter that ,respectively .Then ,serum total prostate antigen(TPSA) and free prostate antigen (FPSA) was measured .Results There was no effects of DRE on serum TPSA and FPSA levels(P>0 .05) .On the contrary ,serum TPSA and FPSA levels increased sig‐nificantly in patients with catheterization and cystoscopy(P<0 .05) ,and the duration was longer(7-14 d) .Serum TPSA and FPSA levels increased significantly(P<0 .05)in patients with TURP and biopsy at the 24th hour after manipulation and it began to de‐crease on the third day .Also ,the serum TPSA and FPSA levels decreased to baseline after 14 days .Conclusion There′re no effects of DRE on serum TPSA and FPSA levels .However ,serum TPSA and FPSA levels increase differently in patients with catheteriza‐tion ,cystoscopy ,biopsy and TURP ,but the durations were different ,too .

Early stage postoperative complications of laparoscopic radical cystectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate feasibility and early stage postoperative complications of lapa-roscopic radical cystectomy ( LRC) . Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 63 consecutive pa-tents (58 males and 5 females) who underwent LRC from Oct .2011 to Oct.2013 in our institute.Of these patients, 46 patients underwent ileal conduit , 9 patients underwent ureterocutaneostomy , and 8 patients un-derwent orthotopic ileal neobladder urinary diversion .The average age and body mass index of patients were 67.7±11.1 (33-84) years and 23.3±2.1 (18.8-28.7) kg/m2, respectively.The mean hemoglobin and al-bumin of patients were (130.7±20.3) g/L and (38.9±4.1) g/L, respectively.Comorbidities of hyperten-sion, diabetes, coronary heart disease and decompensated liver cirrhosis were found in 10, 6, 2 and 1 pa-tient, respectively.10 of 61 patients had a history of abdominal surgery .The indications for cystectomy were classified as muscle invasive bladder cancer for 30 patients, unresectable superficial bladder cancer for 19 patients and recurrent bladder cancer for 14 patients.Postoperative data and early stage postoperative compli-cations within 3 months after surgery were collected . Results The median operative time for LRC and uri-nary diversion was 390 (260-480) min, with a median estimated blood loss of 400 (100-1 500) ml.This was one patient converted to open surgery .The mean postoperative hemoglobin and albumin of patients was 108.5±14.7 g/L and 29.5±3.7 g/L, respectively, both of which significantly reduced compared with pre-operative data (P<0.01).The median duration of hospital stay was 15 days.The median time for liquid in-take, abdominal drainage removal and ureteral stent removal was 4 days, 9 days and 2 months after surgery , respectively.Catheter was removed 2 weeks after laparoscopic orthotopic cystectomy .21 (33.3%) of 63 pa-tients suffered from perioperative complications .15 of 46 patients (32.6%) in ileal conduit group had com-plications including ileus ( 5, 1 of 5 need re-operation ) , lymphatic fistulas ( 5) , pulmonary infection ( 1) , pyelonephritis (1), delirium (1), anastomotic leak (1, re-operation was needed) and pneumothorax (1). 2 of 9 patients (22.2%) in ureterocutaneostomy group had complications such as ileus (1) and lymphatic fistulas (1).4 of 8 patients (50.0%) in orthotopic ileal neobladder group suffered from complications like ileus (2, 1 of 2 required re-operation), lymphatic fistulas (1) and arrhythmia (1). Conclusions LRC is technically feasible and safe .It reduces the estimated blood loss and postoperative complications .It is noteworthy to surgeons that serum albumin significantly reduced after LRC , nutrition should be kept balanced after surgery.

Effects of epimedium on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Epimedium has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis and repair of bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of epimedium on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A database search was performed to retrieve literatures addressing epimedium effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Then, the papers meeting the criteria were selected for in-depth analysis. During the osteogenic differentiation induced by epimedium, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, transforming growth factorβ, bone morphogenetic proteins, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein were detected in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to understand the underlying mechanism of epimedium in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Epimedium effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are shown in a dose-dependent manner. During the early induction, icari n can increase cellphosphatase activity;in the late induction, icari n can increase calcified nodules, promote osteocalcin secretion, significantly improve the expressions of transforming growth factorβ1, bone morphogenetic protein 2, insulin-like growth factor-1, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Epimedium, which can be used as an excellent osteoinductive factor, improves the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Roscovitine on cell cycle in mitotic hepatoma carcinoma cell / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To study the influences by a Cyelin-dependent kinase inhibitor Roscovitine on cell cycle in mitotic hepatoma carcinoma cell SMMC-7721. Methods Microscope,MTT, flow cytometry and R-T PCR were used to observe the effects of Roscovitine on morphology, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and the mRNA expression of CDK2, Caspase-3, bcl-2 in SMMC-7721 cells. Results Roscovitine inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in dosage and time dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed the ratio of G0, G1 increased. R-T PCR showed that the expression of bcl-2 reduced, Caspase-3 increased. Conclusion Reseovitine can inhibit the growth, proliferation, block the cell cycle at G0/G1 and promotes apoptosis of mitotic SMMC-7721 cells, and the mechanism of apoptosis is dependent on the activity of bcl-2 and Caspase-3.

Early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common malignant tumor after primary hepatic cancer.Despite advances in diagnostic techniques during the past decade, cholangiocarcinoma is usually encountered at an advanced stage. In this review, we describe the classification, diagnosis, and management of cholan-giocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice.

Grogress on digestive tract anastomosis / 国际外科学杂志

New developments appear in digestive tract anastmosis with better understanding to its healing process and the adoption of new techniques, such as single-layer anastomosis, combined suturing and me-chanical anastomosis. These issues are reviewed in this article.

Effects of the Staging Acupuncture Combined with Physical Therapy on Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the effects of the staging acupuncture combined with physical therapy on the neural function, motor function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods 166 cases were divided into two groups: 83 cases in the treatment group were treated with staging acupuncture combined with physical therapy; 83 cases in the control group were treated with traditional acupuncture combined with physical therapy. They were evaluated with modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia Stroke Scale (MESSS)，Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and Bathel Index (BI) before and 2 months after treatment. Results There was no significant difference between these 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05), but were significant differences in MESSS, FMA and BI (P<0.05) after treatment. The incidence of recovery after treatment was 90.36% in treatment group, significantly better than that of the control group (74.49%, P<0.05). Conclusion In comparison with the traditional acupuncture, the staging acupuncture can significantly improve the effect on stroke based on the physical therapy.

Constitutive characteristics and change trend of gynecological malignant tumors in 8009 hospitalized patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the constitutive characteristics and the change trend of gynecologic malignant tumors in hospitalized patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region over the recent 20 years.Methods Clinical data of 8009 in-patients who suffered from gynecologic malignant tumors in 23 hospitals from 1985 to 2004 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were analyzed,with respect to the tumor types and change trend.Results(1)The leading 4 types of malignant tumors were cervical cancers, ovarian cancers,endometrial cancers,and malignant trophoblastic tumors according to the constitutive ratios of the tumors.The constitutive ratio of cervical cancer patients rose year by year,from 17.48% during the 1985-1989 period to 49.25% during the 2000-2004 period(P0.05).(2)The occurring age of cervical cancers became younger obviously,from≥60 years old dropped to

How to Establish a Perfect System of Drug Quality Management / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To help drug distributing enterprises pass the GSP verification METHODS:This paper introduces the five phases of establishing a perfect system of drug quality management based on a lot of practice RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Only if the leaders and staffs realize the importance of drug quality and make the drug quality management system work effectively,we can say that the enterprises really implement GSP

Problems in Drug Supervising and Sampling Test / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the problems existing in drug supervising and sampling test.METHODS:The problems in drug supervising,sampling and testing were analyzed from the aspect of system,method,equipment,regulation and staff,and to put forward the countermeasures.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:There are still many things to be improved in practice.